ContentsClass #02: µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ °³¿ä
in place March 17, 2002, lasted modified March 17, 2002, Release 1.0
µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ¹× µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º (Database)ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
- "³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°üµÈ ·¹Äڵ峪 ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸ðÀÓ"
- "°øµ¿ ¸ñÀûÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼·Î °ü·ÃµÈ ÀÚ·áµéÀÇ ÁýÇÕü"
µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÀÚ·áÀÇ ¸ðÀÓÀ̶ó±â º¸´Ù´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¶Á÷ ³»¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °øÀ¯µÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÉ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÅëÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶Á÷µÇ°í °ü¸®µÇ´Â ¿î¿µ ÀÚ·áÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
- µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ (Data Base Management System : DBMS)ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
- "µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í À̸¦ ÀÀ¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ±¸¼ºµÈ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ½Ã½ºÅÛ"
- "µ¥ÀÌŸ¿Í ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ Áß°£¿¡¼ ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í, ÀÏ°í, ¾²°í, °»½ÅÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Á¶ÀÛÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÁýÇÕü"
µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¾·ù(¹ßÀü ¼ø¼)
- FileÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á°ü¸® (ISAM)
- °èÃþÇü µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º Hierarchical databases
°èÃþ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ±¸¼ºµÈ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º, °èÃþ ¸ðµ¨Àº ·¹ÄÚµå °£À» »óÀ§¿Í ÇÏÀ§ÀÇ Á¤º¸·Î ÀÕ´Â Æ®¸® ±¸Á¶·Î °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµ¨À̸ç, ºÎÀÚ °ü°è´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 1 ´ë ´Ù¼öÀÌ´Ù. µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·ÎÀÇ Á¢±Ù ¼ø¼´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã »óÀ§ÀÇ Á¤º¸ºÎÅÍ ÇÏÀ§ÀÇ Á¤º¸·Î ÁøÇàÇϵµ·Ï ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù (IMS, System2000).
- ³×Æ®À¡Å©Çü µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º Network-type databases
µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±¸Á¶°¡ ³×Æ®¿÷Å© ±¸Á¶·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°£ÀÇ °ü·ÃÀº 1 ´ë 1, ´Ù´ë ´Ù°¡ °¡´ÉÇØÁø´Ù. °Ë»ö ´ë»óÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ´Ù¼ö¿¡ °ÉÄ¡´Â °æ·Î·Î Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ±¸Á¶°¡ º¹ÀâÇÏ´Ù (IDMS, Image).
- °ü°èÇü µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º(Relational Database)
1970³â E.F. Code °¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ ÁýÇÕ ¸ðµ¨À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º, ÀÌ ÁýÇÕ ¸ðµ¨Àº ¼öÇÐÀÇ ÁýÇշп¡¼ÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ µû¸£°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â °ü°è·Î½á Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù (Oracle, Informix, Sybase, MS SQLServer).
- °´Ã¼ÁöÇâÀû µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º (Object Oriented Database)
°´Ã¼ÁöÇâÀû °³³äÀÎ Class, Method, Class Hierarchy¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º, ÀÚ·á ±¸Á¶°¡ º¹ÀâÇÑ °øÇÐ, Multimedia ÀÀ¿ë ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù (Orion, Genston).
- ºÐ»êÇü µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º
¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º, È¿À²¼º ¹× Á¤È®¼ºÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© º¹Á¦, View, Á¤ÇÕ¼º(Integrity Constraint) À¯Áö ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
- Spatial Database
°ø°£Àû ÀÚ·áÀÇ ÀúÀå, ÁúÀÇ, °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇÑ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º, GISµî¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
- Time Series Database
½Ã°£ÀûÀ¸·Î º¯ÈµÇ´Â ÀڷḦ ÀúÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Å×ÀÌŸº£À̽º, ÁÖ½Ä ¹× Log ±â·Ï µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
- Multi Database
´Ù¼ö ÀÌÁú µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Office File, Mail µîÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿øÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ½Ã½ºÅÛ
µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º °ü¸®½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸Á¶ ( A Simple Database Management System )
- ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ
- ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̳ª µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀ§
- ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ (Operating System)¿¡¼ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°ø
- Á¦°ø±â´ÉÀº ¿±â(Open), Àбâ(Read), ¾²±â(Write), ã±â(Seek), ´Ý±â(Close)
- °£´ÜÇÑ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ
- ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀڷᱸÁ¶, ÀÚ·á ±×¸®°í Index¸¦ ÀúÀå
- ÀúÀåµÈ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±â¹ÝÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©
- ÀÚ·á ±¸Á¶ »ý¼º (CREATE) ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
- ÀÚ·á ÀÔ·Â (INSERT) ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
- ÀÚ·á °Ë»ö(SELECT) ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
- ÀÚ·á °»½Å(UPDATE) ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
- View »ý¼º(VIEW) ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ À» ÀÛ¼º
- À§ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ÀÚ·á °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÁúÀǾî 󸮱â ÀÛ¼º
- ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÇØ´ç ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Libary ÀÛ¼º
- TransactionÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â Transaction °ü¸®±â ÀÛ¼º
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ ¿¹ ¹× µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸Á¶
µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º 3´Ü°è ±¸Á¶ 3 Schema Architecture
µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ±¸Á¶ ȤÀº Àüü¸¦ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³°èÇÑ ¸ðµ¨
- ³»ºÎ ½ºÅ°¸¶ (Physical Data Model) - ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀúÀåµÇ¾î Àִ°¡ (¿¹´Â File Address »ç¿ë)
- °³³ä ½ºÅ°¸¶ (Logical Data Model) - µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ÀÇ ³í¸®Àû ±¸Á¶, °´Ã¼, °´Ã¼°£ °ü°è, Á¦¾àÁ¶°ÇÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇ (¿¹ÀÇ Address Å×À̺í)
- ¿ÜºÎ ½ºÅ°¸¶ (User View) - ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ µû¶ó ³í¸®Àû ½ºÅ°¸¶ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇؼ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¸ðµ¨ (¿¹¿¡¼ Hometown)
µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ
- ±¸¼º ±â´É: µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¿¡ ÀúÀåµÉ ÀÚ·áÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ·¹ÄÚµå ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ, µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¸ðÇüÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ, ¹°¸®Àû ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
- Á¶ÀÛ ±â´É: »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ ÀڷḦ °Ë»ö, °»½Å, »ðÀÔ, »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ´Ù.
- Á¦¾î ±â´É: µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽ºÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ°í Áߺ¹µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϸç Çã°¡µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾×¼¼½º¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ¿© ÀڷḦ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀÌ´Ù.
µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ °³³ä
- Ãß»óÈ
- "±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ »ç¹°ÀÇ °øÅëÁ¡À» ã¾Æ¼ À̸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÁúÀ» ÃßÃâÇÏ´Â °Í"
- ¸ðµç »ç¹°À» Àΰ£ÀÇ »ç»ó ¹× ¹®È¿¡¼ Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¾ð¾î·Î Ãß»óÈ
- ¸ðµç »ç¹°À» µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¾È¿¡¼ Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Entity¿Í Attribute·Î Ç¥Çö
- ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¾È¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡(View)¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¸À» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Ãß»óÈ »ç¿ë
- ÀÚ·á ±¸Á¶¿Í ³»¿ëÀÇ µ¶¸³
- ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀڷᱸÁ¶ÀÇ ºÐ¸®
- ¿©·¯ ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ °øÅëÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀڷᱸÁ¶¸¦ ¼³°è Áö¿ø
- ¿¹: ÀüÀÚ»ó°Å·¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛ - ¹°°Çµî·Ï, ÆǸŰü¸®, Àç°í°ü¸®
- ÀÚ·á Á¤ÀÇ ÀÚ·á
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º°¡ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ½º½º·Î Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¾ß ÇÔ
- ÀÚ·á Á¤ÀÇ ¹æ¹ý : Entity(Table, Class), Attribute, Data Type, Constraints
- Abstract Data Type (Data and Related Operations)
- Constraints Á¾·ù (Type, Referencial, User Defined)
- ¿¹: StudentÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
ÆÄÀÏ Ã³¸®¿Í µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º
  ÆÄÀÏ Ã³¸® µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ¼³¸í ÀÚ·á ÀúÀå ¹× °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¿î¿ëüÁ¦°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±âº» ±â´É »ç¿ë ÀÚ·á ÀúÀå ¹× °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ(DBMS) »ç¿ë ÀåÁ¡ °£´ÜÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸Á¶ ºñ¿ëÀÌ Àû°Ô µç´Ù. ¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸£´Ù. °³¹ßÀ» ½±°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ·á ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ·áÀÇ Áߺ¹À» ÇÇÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¼º Á¦¾î°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¹«°á¼º 󸮰¡ ½±´Ù. ȸº¹ 󸮰¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ´ÜÁ¡ ÀÚ·á ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ ÀÚ·á Áߺ¹ÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. µ¿½Ã¼º »ç¿ëÀÚ °ü¸®°¡ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¹«°á¼º 󸮸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ȸº¹ ó¸® ±â´ÉÀ» ±¸ÇöÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎ°¡ÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Á¾ÇÕÀû ¼³°è°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Áö¿øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü·Ã ¾÷¹«
- ¾÷¹« ºÐ¾ß
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸Çö (Implementation of Database Management Systems)
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ÀÀ¿ë ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸Çö (Implementation of Database Applications)
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ±¸Ãà ¹× Á¤º¸ Á¦°ø (Information Provider)
- Á¾»çÀÚ
- ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® °ü¸®ÀÚ (Project Manager)
- ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÐ¼®°¡ (System Analyst)
- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ¼³°èÀÚ( Database Designer)
Database Schema Design/Database Turning- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º °ü¸®ÀÚ (Database Administrator)
Schema Definition, Access Control/Indexing, Constraint Enforcement, Backup, User Mgt, Upgrade/Migration- µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¾î (DB Application Develper)
Knowledge & Engineering Databases (c) copyright Namchul Do, 2002